We set out a general framework for cooperative household models, based on Samuelson's idea of a household welfare function, but extending it to incorporate the key insight from Nash bargaining models - the idea that the household's preference ordering over the utility profiles of its members depends on their wage rates (or prices more generally) and non-wage incomes. Applying reasonable general restrictions on the effects of changes in these variables allows derivation of the general implications of cooperative models. -- Generalisation ; household ; model
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The aim of this paper is to present a theoretical model of the monetary contributions made by households to nonprofit organizations, and to analyse the effect of tax incentives according to the different tax systems currently in force in the European Union Member States. This model is estimated by means of data drawn from the Family Expenditure Survey and the Regional Accounts in Spain covering the period 1990–91. We analyse the effects that different variables and tax incentives have on household decisions. The results indicate that the decisions to donate, and how much to be donated, are taken sequentially and are significantly influenced by household characteristics, the provision of public funds and donation price. The analysis of the Spanish tax system indicates that the model generates donation incentives.
AbstractThis study develops a household enterprise model extended to encompass recent advances in collective theory. We use a simulation model in which production and consumption‐leisure choices are represented along with the rule governing intra‐household resource allocation, to analyze the income and wage responses of each family member. The household is treated as an equilibrium model whose accounts are based on a collective household accounting matrix, with the social dimension being the wife/husband classes. The simulation analysis illustrates the policy relevance of the collective approach to household behavior for inferring the impact of economic policies on individual behavior and welfare. We also propose insightful comparisons with the unitary model to make the behavioral and welfare policy relevance of the collective approach evident.
Neoclassical models characterize agricultural households as unified production/consumptionunits in which labor is allocated according to principles of comparative advantage, income is pooled, and preferences for consumption and leisure are shared. This paper demonstrates that the assumptions and structure of both recursive and simultaneous agricultural household models are strikingly inconsistent with evidence from agricultural households in southern Cameroon and elsewhere in Africa. Fundamental revisions in the modeling of economic choice structures within agricultural households are required if men's and women's economic behavior is to be appropriately understood and reliably predicted. A Marxian analysis of the social relations of production within households can contribute to this process and can also indicate important new directions for agricultural policy analysis.
In 2006, Nova Scotia began to implement its Continuing Care Strategy which was grounded in a vision of providing client-centered care for continuing care clients, including residents of nursing homes. Considerable evidence pointed to the benefits of the "household" model of care—which led the province to adopt the smaller self-contained household model as a requirement for owners/operators seeking to build government-funded new and replacement nursing homes. The specific goals of the reform (the adoption of the household model) included increasing the proportion of single rooms, improving the home-likeness of the facility, and more generally, providing high-quality care services. The reform was influenced by recognition of the need for change, rapid population aging in the province, and strong political will at a time when fiscal resources were available. To achieve the reform, Nova Scotia Department of Health released two key documents (2007) to guide the design and operation of all new and replacement facilities procured using a request for proposal process: The Long Term Care Program Requirements and the Space and Design Requirements. Results from a research study examining resident quality of life suggest regardless of physical design or staffing approach high resident quality of life can be experienced, while at the same time recognizing that the facilities with "self-contained household" design and expanded care staff roles were uniquely supporting relationships and home-likeness and positively impacting resident quality of life.La Nouvelle-Écosse a lancé en 2006 la mise en oeuvre de la Stratégie pour les Soins de Longue Durée, bâtie sur l'idée de procurer des soins centrés sur le client pour ceux ayant besoin de soins de longue durée, y compris les résidents des institutions. Les avantages du modèle de soins dit de "domicile" étaient amplement démontrés empiriquement, ce qui a conduit la province à imposer aux propriétaires ou opérateurs cherchant à construire ou rénover des institutions de long-terme financées par le gouvernement un modèle de logement autonome de petite taille. La réforme (adoption du modèle de domicile) avait pour objectifs spécifiques d'accroître la proportion de chambres simples, de rendre l'institution plus proche d'un domicile privatif, et, plus généralement, de procurer des services de très bonne qualité. La réforme a été motivée par la reconnaissance d'un besoin de changement, le vieillissement rapide de la population de la province, et une forte volonté politique à une époque où les ressources fiscales étaient encore abondantes. Pour réussir la réforme, le Ministère de la Santé de Nouvelle-Écosse a publié deux documents clé (2007) détaillant la conception et le fonctionnement de toutes les institutions créées ou rénovées à travers un appel d'offres: les normes du programme de soins de longue durée, et les normes d'espace et d'agencement. Une étude mesurant la qualité de vie des résidents a montré que, si une qualité de vie élevée pouvait être atteinte quels que soient l'agencement physique et la dotation en personnel, les institutions organisées en domiciles autonomes et confiant plus de responsabilités aux soignants étaient idéalement placées pour encourager la socialisation et le sentiment d'être chez soi, et influencent donc positivement la qualité de vie.
